electronics

What is Battery Life ?

2007-10-11T15:47:00.000-07:00

In my previous two installments of Understanding Battery Life we reviewed what battery life means; how battery life is measured; what factors determine and impact battery life; when do batteries begin to lose life; and how the internal battery design limits the overall capability of the battery. In part 3 of Understanding Battery Life I want to look at two aspects of battery usage that reduces battery life and they are: individual usage patterns and internal technical factors.

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Individual Usage Patterns
Using your battery, even only once, will initiate battery degradation. Battery degradation the eventual loss of battery life begins when a user activates their battery (even only once). Furthermore once battery degradation begins there is no stopping it! Activating a battery can be done by charging a battery, connecting a battery to a device, opening a battery or any other actions that would chemically activate the battery! The reason why is because connecting a device for example to a battery creates a closed pathway through which current and the electrons flow through the device to the positive electrode. At the same time, an electrochemical reaction takes place inside the batteries to replenish the electrons. The effect is an electrochemical process that creates electrical energy.

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Beyond that first cause in battery degradation there is very little a person can do to speed up the degradation except for the following: use the battery. That is a long-winded way of saying that if you use you will lose it!

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I do not mean to say never use your battery – that is not the point – in fact how silly would it be to buy a battery and never use it! The fact of the matter is is that if you were to buy a battery and store it for say 5 years there is a good chance that it would not perform to spec for you because of its age.

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If you buy a battery to use in your PDA or other mobile device then of course use it but be aware that by using your battery you are consuming its natural life. The battery was made to be used, to be consumed, and to power your device. So, what we as battery users complain about (short battery life) is not a necessarily a bad battery or a problematic battery (not including potential battery defects) but simply the designed life cycle of the battery.

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Before we move to the internal technical factors that affect battery life it is well to point out that using your battery as the primary source for powering your device’s accessories will deplete your batteries capacity faster.
Internal Technical Factors

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As pointed out above a battery over time degrades and eventually stops working, this is no surprise, but why this occurs is really a fascinating yet technical process. The reasons are complex issues that are way beyond user control and are wholly contained within your battery and within your device! As we will see these issues (declining capacity, increasing internal resistance, elevated self-discharge, and premature voltage cut-off on discharge) do more to cause Battery Degradation and Power Loss than your typical portable device owner could ever do.
Declining Capacity
Declining capacity is when the amount of charge a battery can hold gradually decreases due to usage, aging, and with some chemistry’s a lack of maintenance. PDA batteries, for example, are specified to deliver about 100 percent capacity when new but after usage and aging a pda battery's capacity will drop. This is normal. If you are using a pda battery (or any lithium-ion or lithium-polymer battery) when your battery's capacity reaches 60% to 70% the pda battery will need to be replaced. Standard industry practice will warranty a battery above 80%. Below 80% typically means you have used the practical life of a battery. Thus the threshold by which a battery can be returned under warranty is typically 80%.
Loss of Charge Acceptance
The loss of charge acceptance of the Li‑ion/polymer batteries is due to cell oxidation. Cell oxidation is when the cells of the battery lose their electrons. This is a normal process of the battery charge creation process. In fact every time you use your battery a loss of charge acceptance occurs (the charge loss allows your battery to power your device by delivering electrical current to your device). Capacity loss is permanent. Li‑ion/polymer batteries cannot be restored with cycling or any other external means. The capacity loss is permanent because the metals used in the cells run for a specific time only and are being consumed during their service life.
Internal Resistance
Internal resistance, known as impedance, determines the performance and runtime of a battery. It is a measure of opposition to a sinusoidal electric current. A high internal resistance curtails the flow of energy from the battery to a device. The aging of the battery cells contributes, primarily, to the increase in resistance, not usage. The internal resistance of the Li‑ion batteries cannot be improved with cycling (recharging). Cell oxidation, which causes high resistance, is non-reversible and is the ultimate cause of battery failure (energy may still be present in the battery, but it can no longer be delivered due to poor conductivity).
Elevated Self-Discharge
All batteries have an inherent self-discharge. The self-discharge on nickel-based batteries is 10 to 15 percent of its capacity in the first 24 hours after charge, followed by 10 to 15 percent every month thereafter. Li‑ion battery's self-discharges about five percent in the first 24 hours and one to two percent thereafter in the following months of use. At higher temperatures, the self-discharge on all battery chemistries increases. The self-discharge of a battery increases with age and usage. Once a battery exhibits high self-discharge, little can be done to reverse the effect.
Premature Voltage Cut-Off
Some devices like PDAs do not fully utilize the low-end voltage spectrum of a battery. The PDA device itself, for example cuts off before the designated end-of-discharge voltage is reached and battery power remains unused. For example, a PDA that is powered with a single-cell Li‑ion battery and is designed to cut-off at 3.7V may actually cut-off at 3.3V. Obviously the full potential of the battery and the device is lost (not fully utilized). Why? It could be something with elevated internal resistance and or PDA operations at warm ambient temperatures. PDAs that load the battery with current bursts are more receptive to premature voltage cut-off than analog equipment. High cut-off voltage is mostly equipment related, not battery.
Concluding Remarks
Now to conclude this 3 part series of Understanding Battery Life lets recap. In part 1 of the series we looked at look at what battery life means; how battery life is measured; what factors determine battery life; and finally when do batteries begin to lose life. In part 2 we looked at the internal design of batteries as their designed potential. Finally in this article we looked at how individual usage patterns and internal technical factors ultimately cause batteries to fail.

Snowboarding From The Basics And Beyond

2007-10-10T20:18:00.000-07:00

Have you ever wondered what it would be like if you could ride down a steep slope with your snowboard, floating through fresh soft untracked powder while enjoying the serenity of the fresh air, blue sky and beautiful surroundings around you?
Or perhaps you wish that you too could launch yourself into the air to understand, just for a moment, what it must feel like to be able to fly before landing smoothly as you continue to ride in ecstasy.
Learn to snowboard with articles, information and snowboard lessons covering snowboarding basics as well as advanced concepts from carving, freestyle tricks to riding in deep powder right here.
Don't dream about snowboarding any longer. It doesn't matter what your age is, how fit you may be or whether you believe you have an ability to balance. Whoever you are, if you want to, you can snowboard.
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Find out about the equipment you'll need and how to choose good and reliable boards, clothing and accessories before buying.
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It's time to stop dreaming about experiencing the rush of cruising down the slopes and time to act on your urges and needs to start snowboarding now!

Best places to get free driving directions

2007-10-02T10:19:00.000-07:00

There are millions of people go online to get driving directions every day. Which online driving directions tools are the fasted, best, easiest, and most accurate? After spending time to test all the major online driving directions tools, we are listing 5 most popular online driving directions providers here as a reference.
1. Seeaarch Driving Directions
Seeaarch Driving Directions is the newest online driving directions site on the internet. Getting driving directions is as simple as entering starting and ending addresses. It will display 3 different driving directions provided by Yahoo! Maps, Google Maps, and Mapquest, side by side, in one page. We rate Seeaarch Driving Directions as the No.1 online driving directions tools because the users only need to enter their starting and ending addresses once to get three different driving directions instead of entering starting and ending addresses three times in three different web site. It makes users much easier to compare different driving direction side by side to determine the best route.

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2. Google Maps
Google launches their online maps and driving directions tools several years ago. It is a relatively new site to provide maps and driving directions. Google maps has the best speed and accuracy among all major online map providers. Also, same as Seeaarch Driving Directions and Yahoo! Maps, Google makes one line input field for starting and ending address, which saves clicks from the users and makes the input much easier.

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3. Mapquest Directions
Mapquest Directions was introduced to internet on 1996. It is well known for online maps and driving directions services. Sometimes, it is still the first site we'll turn into to find driving directions. Their driving directions are mostly accurate. MapQuest tends to find the more direct route. The speed is one of the fastest. However, sometimes, we found their maps are not updated as Google Maps. Also, users will have to go through several clicks or tabs to input starting and ending address, not as easy as Seeaarch Driving Directions Google Maps, and Yahoo! Maps.

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4. Yahoo! Maps
Yahoo! free driving directions service is good and fancy. However, it is slower than other online free driving directions tool. We have run a test to use Seeaarch Driving Directions to display Google, yahoo, and mapquest free driving directions at the same time by a single click. Google and mapquest are much faster then Yahoo! maps.

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5. Windows Live Local Driving Directions
Windows Live Local Driving Directions is much better than MSN's Map Blast. The free driving directions service is good and fast. Also, it has the option to choose the shortest instead of the quickest route in these days of high gas prices. If you do opt for speed, keep in mind that the driving time estimates in live maps are awfully ambitious unless you plan to really step on it.
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some new shopping wesite just launched

2007-09-24T13:09:00.001-07:00

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new useful web sites launched relates to travel and driving directions

2007-09-24T12:57:00.000-07:00

At the first, I would like to introduce several newly launched driving directions web site to our dear readers. Theese sites provides easy driving directions service, and provide maps service as well. Mainly covers North america( United States and Canada), United kindom, and Australia, etc. These web sites are:
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The web sites listed above are online maps and driving directions provider. Fast and easy driving directions. Increditable accuracy. try them out yourself!

Secondly, I would like to introduce these two web sites to our dear readers:
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http://www.4directions.info sells maps online, they have more than 1000 maps online for you to buy. Do you like to have a map in hand while you are travelling? can not access internet during your trip? buy map from them.
http://www.tripdirections.info is the web site selling GPS related products. a lot different brand GPS products makes this web site unique.

Do not know where to nook a hotel?
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If you are an apple lover or MAC lover.
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Where to find best stamp machine one line?

2007-09-23T19:05:00.001-07:00

Where to find best stamp machine one line?
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a new site to find iphone and iphone accessories
I have found a cool site selling iphone and iphone accessories. I has more iphone related products than apple store. A complete set of iphone accessories list. Anything related to iphone products, oyu can find on that web site!
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More apple mac computers
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2007-09-23T14:28:00.000-07:00

Looking for hard drive? computer hard drive, internal hard drive? external hard drive? We have found a web site havae over 1000 different kinds of hard drive for sale! The URL for the web site is http://www.UKZMXP.INFO Other than so many different kinds of hard drives, their price is really cheap, too. Most of the hard drives are 10-30% off original price. Also, free shipping is provided on selected hard drives.
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ipod depot

2007-09-23T08:32:00.000-07:00

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new hot stuff!

2007-09-22T20:34:00.000-07:00

Burton products web site
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A great site to find batteries

2007-09-21T20:30:00.000-07:00

Looking for batteries for your electronics? looking for cell phone battery? notebook battery? car battery? truck battery? They have them All! I have found a new web site providing a complete list of all different kinds of batteries. ALl diferent model batteries, and all different type batteries. From cell phone batteries to notebook batteries, they have it all. With a greate discounted price, too.
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